Islamic theology contains various schools of thought and one major political division. There is no deity except Allah. The branches of thought are related to creed or agidah, of which there are many. Belief in one God, Allah in Arabic, constitutes the very foundation of Islam. Islam is the way of life for those who believe in God and want to live a life in worship and obedience to none but God. And so, here it is, a brief overview of Islamic theology: Basically, 99% of Islam is the belief that there is One Supreme Being and Creator that is entirely other than the universe, and upon which the entirety of the universe is dependent. Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. The reward is forgiveness from God and an everlasting life in the Heaven. Islamic theology deals with the beliefs of the Islamic faith. Building upon the central beliefs of Islam (meaning “submission”), a devout Muslim (“one who submits”) is expected to practice the following five (or six) “pillars” of their religion: The first pillar of Islam is the confession of faith: There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. Islamic Theology – Practice. The Arabic term islām, literally “surrender,” illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islam—that the believer (called a Muslim, from the active particle of islām) accepts surrender to the will of Allah (in Arabic, Allāh: God).